118 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
Executable File
118 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
Executable File
# pi-gen
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_Tool used to create the raspberrypi.org Raspbian images_
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### TODO
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1. Documentation
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## Dependencies
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`quilt parted realpath qemu-user-static debootstrap zerofree pxz zip dosfstools bsdtar libcap2-bin grep rsync`
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## Config
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Upon execution, `build.sh` will source the file `config` in the current
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working directory. This bash shell fragment is intended to set needed
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environment variables.
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The following environment variables are supported:
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* `IMG_NAME` **required** (Default: unset)
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The name of the image to build with the current stage directories. Setting
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`IMG_NAME=Raspbian` is logical for an unmodified RPi-Distro/pi-gen build,
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but you should use something else for a customized version. Export files
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in stages may add suffixes to `IMG_NAME`.
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* `APT_PROXY` (Default: unset)
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If you require the use of an apt proxy, set it here. This proxy setting
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will not be included in the image, making it safe to use an `apt-cacher` or
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similar package for development.
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A simple example for building Raspbian:
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```bash
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IMG_NAME='Raspbian'
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```
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## Docker Build
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```bash
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vi config # Edit your config file. See above.
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./build-docker.sh
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```
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If everything goes well, your finished image will be in the `deploy/` folder.
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You can then remove the build container with `docker rm pigen_work`
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If something breaks along the line, you can edit the corresponding scripts, and
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continue:
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```
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CONTINUE=1 ./build-docker.sh
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```
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There is a possibility that even when running from a docker container, the installation of `qemu-user-static` will silently fail when building the image because `binfmt-support` _must be enabled on the underlying kernel_. An easy fix is to ensure `binfmt-support` is installed on the host machine before starting the `./build-docker.sh` script (or using your own docker build solution).
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## Stage Anatomy
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### Raspbian Stage Overview
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The build of Raspbian is divided up into several stages for logical clarity
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and modularity. This causes some initial complexity, but it simplifies
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maintenance and allows for more easy customization.
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- **Stage 0** - bootstrap. The primary purpose of this stage is to create a
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usable filesystem. This is accomplished largely through the use of
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`debootstrap`, which creates a minimal filesystem suitable for use as a
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base.tgz on Debian systems. This stage also configures apt settings and
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installs `raspberrypi-bootloader` which is missed by debootstrap. The
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minimal core is installed but not configured, and the system will not quite
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boot yet.
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- **Stage 1** - truly minimal system. This stage makes the system bootable by
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installing system files like `/etc/fstab`, configures the bootloader, makes
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the network operable, and installs packages like raspi-config. At this
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stage the system should boot to a local console from which you have the
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means to perform basic tasks needed to configure and install the system.
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This is as minimal as a system can possibly get, and its arguably not
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really usable yet in a traditional sense yet. Still, if you want minimal,
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this is minimal and the rest you could reasonably do yourself as sysadmin.
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- **Stage 2** - lite system. This stage produces the Raspbian-Lite image. It
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installs some optimized memory functions, sets timezone and charmap
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defaults, installs fake-hwclock and ntp, wifi and bluetooth support,
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dphys-swapfile, and other basics for managing the hardware. It also
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creates necessary groups and gives the pi user access to sudo and the
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standard console hardware permission groups.
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There are a few tools that may not make a whole lot of sense here for
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development purposes on a minimal system such as basic python and lua
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packages as well as the `build-essential` package. They are lumped right
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in with more essential packages presently, though they need not be with
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pi-gen. These are understandable for Raspbian's target audience, but if
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you were looking for something between truly minimal and Raspbian-lite,
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here's where you start trimming.
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- **Stage 3** - desktop system. Here's where you get the full desktop system
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with X11 and LXDE, web browsers, git for development, Raspbian custom UI
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enhancements, etc. This is a base desktop system, with some development
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tools installed.
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- **Stage 4** - complete Raspbian system. More development tools, an email
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client, learning tools like Scratch, specialized packages like sonic-pi and
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wolfram-engine, system documentation, office productivity, etc. This is
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the stage that installs all of the things that make Raspbian friendly to
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new users.
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### Stage specification
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If you wish to build up to a specified stage (such as building up to stage 2 for a lite system), place an empty file named `SKIP` in each of the `./stage` directories you wish not to include.
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Then remove the `EXPORT*` files from `./stage4` (if building up to stage 2) or from `./stage2` (if building a minimal system).
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```
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# Example for building a lite system
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$ touch ./stage3/SKIP ./stage4/SKIP
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$ rm stage4/EXPORT*
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```
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If you wish to build further configurations upon (for example) the lite system, you can also delete the contents of `./stage3` and `./stage4` and replace with your own contents in the same format.
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